Halogens when forming an ion alone get a charge of 1-
The name changes to end in -ide
Element Ion Name
fluorine F1- fluoride
chlorine Cl1- chloride
bromine Br1- bromide
iodine I1- iodide
Group 16 elements when forming an ion alone get a
charge of 2-
Element Ion Name
oxygen O2- oxide
sulfur S2- sulfide
selenium Se2- selenide
Group 15 elements when forming an ion alone get a charge
of 3-
Element Ion Name
nitrogen N3- nitride
phosphorus P3- phosphide
Group 14 elements when forming an ion alone get a charge of 4-
Element Ion Name
carbon C4- carbide
Cations don't change names. The word ion is added after the
element name.
Group 1 elements all have a 1+ charge
Group 2 elements all have a 2+ charge
As a rule transition elements and lanthanide/actinide series
elements have a 2+ charge but do have other oxidation states.
Ag has a 1+ Zn is 2+ Hg has a 1+ (special form)
Au has a 3+ Cd is 2+ Hg has a 2+ (most common)
Group 13 metals all have a 3+ charge
Group 14 metals have both a 2+ and a 4+ charge
Group 15 metals have both a 3+ and a 5+ charge
Group 16 metals have both a 4+ and a 6+ charge
Noble gases, with a couple of exceptional exceptions, do not
get a charge
Oxyanions - oxygen has the capability of taking electrons
from all elements except F. When oxygen combines with other
atoms, oxygen still always has a 2- charge but even nonmetal
atoms will lose electrons rather than gain like they did
above.
Halogens form the most numerous of anions with oxygen.
Halogens have 2 s-type electrons and 5 p-type electrons which
can by lost to oxygen under different conditions.
Element Ion Main Lost Name
atom e-
charge from
Fluorine N/A N/A
Chlorine ClO1- 2+ p hypochlorite
ClO21- 3+ p chlorite
ClO31- 5+ p chlorate
ClO41- 7+ s/p perchlorate
bromine BrO1- 2+ p hypobromite
BrO21- 3+ p bromite
BrO31- 5+ p bromate
BrO41- 7+ s/p perbromate
iodine IO1- 2+ p hypoiodite
IO21- 3+ p iodite
IO31- 5+ p iodate
IO41- 7+ s/p periodate
Group 16 nonmetals form oxyanions in the presence of oxygen.
Group 16 nonmetals have 2 s-type electrons and 4 p-type
electrons which can by lost to oxygen under different
conditions.
Element Ion Main Lost Name
atom e-
charge from
S SO32- 4+ p sulfite
SO42- 6+ s/p sulfate
Se SeO32- 4+ p selenite
SeO42- 6+ s/p selenate
Group 15 nonmetals form oxyanions in the presence of oxygen.
Group 15 nonmetals have 2 s-type electrons and 3 p-type
electrons which can by lost to oxygen under different
conditions.
Element Ion Main Lost Name
atom e-
charge from
P PO33- 3+ p phosphite
PO43- 5+ s/p phosphate
As AsO33- 3+ p arsenite
AsO43- 5+ s/p arsenate
Group 14 nonmetals form oxyanions in the presence of oxygen.
Group 14 nonmetals have 2 s-type electrons and 2 p-type
electrons which can by lost to oxygen under different
conditions.
Element Ion Main Lost Name
atom e-
charge from
C CO32- 4+ s/p carbonate
Si SiO44- 4+ s/p silicate